What is an Atherectomy?

Atherectomy is a medical procedure used to remove plaque buildup from within the arteries. Plaque is a fatty substance that can accumulate on the inner walls of blood vessels, leading to narrowing or blockages. Atherectomy is primarily performed in the arteries of the heart (coronary arteries) and the lower extremities (peripheral arteries).

During an atherectomy procedure, a specialized catheter with a cutting or grinding device at its tip is inserted into the affected artery. The catheter is guided to the site of the plaque buildup using imaging techniques such as fluoroscopy or angiography. Once in position, the cutting or grinding device is activated to remove or break up the plaque.

There are different types of atherectomy techniques, including:
Directional Atherectomy: This technique involves using a catheter with a rotating blade at the tip to shave off and collect the plaque.

Rotational Atherectomy: In this technique, a catheter with a diamond-coated burr is used to grind the plaque into tiny particles, which are then flushed out of the body.

Laser Atherectomy: Laser energy is used to vaporize or break up the plaque, allowing for its removal.

Orbital Atherectomy: This technique involves using a catheter with a diamond-coated crown that rotates eccentrically to sand away the plaque.

Atherectomy is typically performed by interventional cardiologists or vascular surgeons. It is often used as an alternative to balloon angioplasty or stenting, especially in cases where the plaque is hard or calcified and may not respond well to those treatments alone.

The goal of atherectomy is to improve blood flow through the affected artery, relieve symptoms, and potentially avoid the need for more invasive procedures, such as bypass surgery. However, it is important to note that atherectomy is not suitable for all cases, and the decision to perform the procedure depends on various factors, including the location and severity of the plaque buildup, the patient’s overall health, and the presence of symptoms.

As with any medical procedure, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on individual circumstances.